Personal Statement On Facebook And Privacy - 2100 Words

Facebook and Privacy Harsh Patel IT 103 Section 010 October 1st, 2014 By placing this statement on my webpage, I certify that I have read and understand the GMU Honor Code on http://oai.gmu.edu/the-mason-honor-code/. I am fully aware of the following sections of the Honor Code: Understanding the Honor Code, Understanding the Consequences. In addition, I have received permission from the copyright holder for any copyrighted material that is displayed on my site. This includes quoting extensive amounts of text, any material copied directly from a web page and graphics/pictures that are copyrighted. This project or subject material has not been used in another class by me or any other student. Finally, I certify that this site is not for commercial purposes, which is a violation of the George Mason Responsible Use of Computing (RUC) Policy posted on http://copyright.gmu.edu/?page_id=301 web site. Introduction Today, many people from around the globe use social networking websites such as Facebook. Most people use Facebook to socialize, network, and connect with their friends and family. However, personal information such as name, address, phone number, location, and photos are shown on users’ profiles on a daily basis on Facebook. It’s pretty clear that Facebook helps people connect with each other regardless of physical distance between them; however, there are many legal, ethical, and security concerns that put users’ privacy in jeopardy. Facebook makes it easyShow MoreRelatedIn 2016 Forty Percent Of The WorldS Population Had Access1303 Words   |  6 Pagesgiants Google and Facebook Inc.; each respectively excellent companies who by some lengths are highly depended on by the masses. Alphabet Inc. (the parent company of Google) and Facebook are great employers for young professionals, but they differ in terms of their job growth, social environment, and social stan ding. Facebook is a better company to work for because, when compared to Google’s overall brand, Facebook has a better public image due to its positive exposure. When personal information isRead MoreViolation Of Personal Data On Social Networks991 Words   |  4 PagesViolation of Personal Data on Social Networks Research question: What measures are in place to protect against personal data theft in social networks? Thesis Statement: The rise of social networking sites has considerable increased the volume of personal data being collected or sold online by some organizations without any consent by the owners, therefore, there are many practices that should be performed by either users or organizations in order to protect the violation. I. The causes of personal dataRead MorePrivacy Issues, Child Safety And Hate Speeches1671 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen made during the service time of Facebook, it impacts a lot of users. Criticisms made wide range of view on its privacy issues, child safety and hate speeches. In this essay, we are going to talk about the privacy issues that people concern about on Facebook and how it impact people after certain changes have been made by Facebook. What is Facebook? Facebook is an online social networking service. Users have to register to use the website, after that Facebook provides a bunch of features suchRead MoreFacebook Has Changed The Face Of Social Media1640 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Since 2004, Facebook has changed the face of social media altogether. Facebook was originally designed for the average student to stay connected to other college students within the area. After years of growth, the social media platform has completely transformed into a space parents and even grandparents can navigate with ease. Because there are so many people within the site, there is room for problems to arise within everyday use. Facebook has made it so that users can change andRead MoreEthical Analysis Of Facebook s Ethical Dilemma1084 Words   |  5 Pages1. Ethical analysis of Facebook. What is the ethical dilemma presented by this case? The social networking giant Facebook, Inc. was incorporated in California in 2004 and operates worldwide with 1.49 billion monthly active users. It has many tools to connect, discover, communicate and share. Facebook has affiliation with Trend Micro Inc. for educating and protecting online users digital identity against malicious websites and malware. Facebook confronts controversies over the data collection andRead MorePrivacy? Why Do You Need Privacy? Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesUp to date, social networking sites, such as Facebook, have more than 750 million active users, and these users contribute about of 30 billion pieces of shared information (blogs, web links, pictures, etc.) each month. This by no means indicates that social networking sites, similar to Facebook, are a private place. Every â€Å"log in to Facebook† you click to connect to other websites, every status update on your wall, with every Twitter post, or Foursquare check-in you allow others to view your lifeRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1053 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Privacy Technology has developed into one of the most valuable assets to everyday life. The social media apps developed from technology have opened many doors to allow the impossible possible. Being able to buy things online with the click of a mouse, chatting with a friend who lives across the country, depositing a check through your smart phone, and the possibilities are continuously endless. With more and more incredible innovations happening on a daily basis. Much has been madeRead MorePrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They 1743 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They Compromised? Introduction A social networking site can be defined as a website where people can network, and communicate with another. These websites are designed solely for the purpose of communities being made, whether you want to re-connect with an old high school friend, or whether you just want to make some friends online in general. Social networking sites have revolutionised communication, and are now one of theRead MoreA Shared Responsibility For Online Privacy1243 Words   |  5 Pages A Shared Responsibility for Online Privacy There are some things in life people can control and things they cannot. When driving, people can fasten their seat belt, keep their car’s limits, and focus on the area ahead to avoid car accidents. Whereas when flying, people cannot do many things to protect themselves, but rely on the government’s aviation regulations and airlines’ enforcement to increase flight safety. Likewise, when it comes to the online privacy, web users can control the passwordsRead MoreAny Information Is Up On The Web, Stays On The Web, Except1201 Words   |  5 Pages Any information is up on the web, stays on the web, except in Europe, where privacy is not dead. Europe took an important step in efforts to protect their citizen’s privacy rights. Importantly, in May 13, 2014 the European Union’s highest court granted the â€Å"right to be forgotten† to each individual who can request search engines to delete their personal information and not allow third parties to access personal data. While the Web makes information impossible to forget, this right gives people

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Essay - 743 Words

An Ever-Growing Split The United States began as a weak, newborn nation that grew into a large, self-supporting country with a governing body unique to this time period. As the government grew and the nation prospered, the rise of leaders and political figures came about and with this, conflicting principles and ideology spawned, thus creating the first of the political parties; the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. Although the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans ideology and stances on the power of the federal government, domestic economic policies and the group of constituents they represented differed vastly, members of both parties often compromised their own beliefs for the nation’s best interest as a whole.†¦show more content†¦Another main issue concerning the parties and their different views was centered on domestic economic policies; the creation and sustainment of the National Bank. Federalists were in favor of the National Bank because they believed the nation would thrive off of business, commerce and industry. Although the Constitution did not state within itself the creation of a national banking system, Federalists often loosely interpreted the Constitution. Democratic-Republicans, on the other hand, were strongly opposed to the creation of the National Bank, fearing that it placed too much control in the hands of the federal government. Democratic-Republicans had a strict interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that if the Constitution did not explicitly authorize something to the federal government, then it was reserved to the states. Because of Federalist’s ideals that the nation would prosper off of industry, they gained much support from bankers, merchants, manufacturers, and the elite. Their support system was based in the North, due to the North’s growing industrial economy because of their bitter climate, ports, and abundance of natural resources. However, the Democratic-Republ icans gained much of the South’s vote because of their support in farmers and planters. Their belief in state’s rights, individualism, neutrality and preference of an agricultural society as opposed to an industrial society won them support in the south. With theirShow MoreRelatedFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans922 Words   |  4 Pagesthat was supposed to preserve our freedoms and certain liberties. All Americans at that time wanted to keep America a free an independent nation with rights for its people. However there was two different groups, the Federalists lead by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, which thought this could be achieved in very different ways. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were very different in their methods to try and develop America as a nation. The twoRead MoreFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans Essay484 Words   |  2 PagesFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans George Washington himself wanted to avoid a party system in America. Unfortunately, even when saying this he was part of the beginning of one of the first parties in United States politics. There have been many different parties surface since the beginning of the American political system. They all have different thoughts, policies, and motivations. Each party has come and gone, some have made significant contributions and others have not. The first splitRead MoreReform Of Action : Federalists Vs Democratic Republican1440 Words   |  6 PagesPlan of Action: Federalists vs Democratic-Republican From 1789 to 1816, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans approached many problems differently, sometimes however, they had the same solutions to problems which were posed by England and the Native Americans. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans both had different and sometimes similar viewpoints on how to solve the problems they faced during this particular time period. Federalists supported a strong, huge government that had a looseRead MoreEmergence of a Two-Party System 1789-18081405 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical system in which the electorate gives its majority of votes to only two major parties and in which one or the other party can win a majority in the legislature. An example of a two-party system is the United States of America, which has the Republicans and the Democrats. For the candidacy to be president, the person must have a majority of the party supporting him or her. An advantage to having a two-party system is that it provides stability in the government so that not only one party wins theRead More Federalists VS Jeffersoneans Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesFederalists VS Jeffersoneans With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. As history dictates, this is found to be substantially accurate. Federalists were firm believers in the production of a strong central government and a broad interpretation of the Constitution. However, the Democratic Republicans believed that the government should followRead More1998 Dbq Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesVirtual vs. Reality 1998 APUSH DBQ Essay-Sam Ingalls-1st Hour Although Republicans and Federalists were characterized as having particular views towards the implementation of the Constitution, the Jefferson and Madison presidencies prove that even though virtually they believe one thing, realistically they could very possibly act another way. Following the making of the Constitution, James Madison brought forth the warning of political factions or parties as we know today in one of his manyRead More1998 Ap Ushistory Dbq Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesNardine Salama 1998 DBQ ESSAY AP. USHISTORY The origins of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties can be traced back to the early 1790s. Initially, the Federalists, or broad constructionists, favored the growth of federal power and a strong central government. The Federalists promulgated a loose interpretation of the Constitution, which meant that they believed that the government could do anything by the implied powers of the Constitution or that congress had the right toRead MoreThe United States History I - Federalists Vs. Republicans Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States History I – HIST V07A Dialog 3 – Topic A: Federalists vs. Republicans Even when discussing the draft of Constitution and after its ratification by the states there were two currents in the American republic, later became the first political parties. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton wanted to create a strong central government with the supremacy of national interests. Their opponents, later called democratic republicans sought restrictions on the powers of the national governmentRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson1289 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 17, 2014 Government Ms. Bishop Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson During the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Federalist and Anti-federalist views created tensions and barriers between the two. Federalists, who supported the making of a new document, the Constitution, differed from Anti-federalists who believed that â€Å"the new system threatened liberties and failed to protect individual rights.† Anti-federalist, such as Patrick Henry, James Winthrop and Samuel Adams, believedRead MoreThomas Jefferson, Man Of Citizens1000 Words   |  4 Pagessignifies the first time that there was a change in power of presidency. After Washington served his two terms, Adams was elected. They were both Federalists, however, Thomas Jefferson was a Democratic Republican candidate. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System. (Thomas Jefferson, 2015). The major social issues that came about during this election were opposition to the tax

Samsung Electronics Case Free Essays

he Samsung Electronics Company has become the largest conglomerate in South Korea over the past decade. Net sales of the Samsung Group totaled $135 billion in 2004 and has 337 overseas operations in 58 countries. Electronic, finance, and trade and services are the three core sectors within the Samsung Group. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Electronics Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Semiconductor products are classified into two different categories of chips, which are memory and logic. The net value of Samsung experienced rapid growth from 2000 to 2004, growing from $ 5. 5 billion to $12. 6 billion. We will use Porter’s five forces to analyze the industry structure and performance which will help gauge Samsung’s growth against its competitors. Entry into the semiconductor industry can be very costly and difficult because of high barriers to entry. These barriers include, economies of scale, high entry costs, and the difficulty in obtaining industry knowledge. In addition, firms like Samsung have established a strong reputation for quality and reliable products which serve as powerful barriers to new firms hoping to enter the industry. The decreased chance of new entrants indicates a less competitive and more profitable industry. There are many buyers within the semiconductor industry, each controlling a relatively small share of the market. Samsung has a huge range of products they produce and can afford to do so at a low cost. Since the buyers control the industry and what is produced they have a significant amount of bargaining power. Furthermore, even though the amount of producers in the industry is fairly low, they offer many of the same products forcing them to compete on price. Samsung has a little above medium bargaining power with its suppliers. The semiconductor industry faces powerful suppliers but because defective memory is difficult and costly to identify, and could potentially destroy the entire value of Samsung’s product, it is very important for Samsung to establish a strong relationship with its suppliers. In doing so,   Samsung usually pays a 1% price premium to its suppliers to ensure quality giving suppliers increased profit and more bargaining power in the industry. However, Samsung consumes a large volume of sales for its suppliers and can still earn a 5% discount because of this large volume and this discount can offset that 1% price premium. In conclusion, Samsung has a little above medium bargaining power over its supplier. Substitutes in the conductor industry are high for three reasons. First, products in the semiconductor industry are highly standardized. Secondly, other major companies in this industry have the ability to produce a large volume of similar products at average costs. Thirdly, there is the threat of new companies from China. However, these companies from China lack the technology to make high quality and low cost products. Therefore, at this point, Samsung does not need to worry about substitutes from Chinese firms. The semiconductor industry experiences fierce rivalry between the firms. Similar to substitutes, there are six main rivals within the industry. Also, even though the Chinese companies are young/inexperienced, they are becoming a potential rival. No company has the absolute leading market share or absolute technology to break other major companies within the industry. Even though Chinese companies are inexperienced, these companies are having little or no trouble raising money from local government and they are willing to sacrifice profit in order to fight for market share. Over time, Samsung has established a strong competitive position relative to other firms in the semiconductor industry. Samsung’s emphasis on fast and efficient work has let them complete projects faster than other firms, giving them a competitive edge. An example of this occurred in the mid 1980’s when Samsung was able to complete their first large manufacturing facility, a task that was predicted to take 18 months, in just 6 months by working around the clock. Samsung also has a strength in their location, with Samsung’s main RD facility and all its fab lines located at a single site they are able to save an estimated 12% on fab construction costs. This advantage of location also allows their engineers to work closely together to quickly solve design and process engineering problems together, furthering their speed and efficiency advantage over their competitors. Samsung has also done a great job of identifying and seizing opportunities before their competitors, and taking risks that other firms may be unwilling to take. An example of this occurred in 1992 when Samsung decided to invest $1 Billion in increasing the size of the wafers used to cut the DRM chips to eight inches. This investment paid off and gave Samsung a distinct cost advantage that allowed them to gain the number one market share in the DRAM industry for 13 years. Samsung also identified and seized he opportunity to gain high profits through product differentiation by customizing and catering to niche markets, offering over 1,200 different variations of DRAM products. In order to understand the internal Environment of the company. VRIO framework will be used to analyse the internal environment and   to help further understand the strategic position in the industry. Relatively low power of suppliers and large production factories allow Samsung to keep their cost low. Their lo w cost of production will enable them to enter into a price war with any company threatening to enter the market. They have the ability to lower their price to the point where it will become too costly for any other company to enter the market will deter additional entrants. Their low cost production ability also allows them to increase revenues and reinvest more money back into RD. Additionally, having all of their engineers on site allowed for quicker design times and cut 12% of construction fabrication costs. However, rarity is not really an issue within the industry. There are multiple companies all with similar technology. Once Samsung can keep the low cost production system and reinvest to their RD, they could achieve sustainable comp etitive advantage in the industry. Most customers are willing to pay a higher value for their products because they perceive Samsung to have better performance and superior design, quality, and service. The brand loyalty, brand reputation and quality(reliable product) are costly for the competitors to acquire or develop. The competitors also face a cost disadvantage in cost structures since Samsung has an outstanding low cost production system. Moreover, Samsung’s major competitors do not have the cutting edge technology to quickly overpass the quality of Samsung’s product. It would be difficult and costly for their competitors to imitate their technology. Samsung does a fairly good job exploiting their capabilities because of them building brand loyalty and a high quality product. With all of those advantages it becomes difficult for their competitors to capture Samsung’s market share. Finally, Samsung invested heavily in its employees more than any other competitor allowing them to focus on innovation and productivity (Include HR policies). Answer to question 1. Samsung employees a hybrid model of business level strategy which consists of cost leadership advantage and product differentiation. Samsung’s operating cost is $8. 90 per unit and it is well below the industry average $10. 3975 per unit. As of year 2003, samsung offers over 1200 different products. With a proper marketing strategy, Samsung built a high reputation and good brand image for its products allowing them to charge a premium price on most of its products. Answer to Question 2: Samsung has implemented their business strategy very well. They were able to become not only the industry cost leader but obtain a large degree of product differentiation. Above, we conducted a VRIO analysis of Samsung and identified their competitive advantages. However, the advantages are only temporary because they are not rare and any company can imitate them by spending a large amount of capital. Until this point though, all of the competitive advantages that Samsung has created have created positive economic profit. These profits can be realized in the large growth in the company from 2000 to 2004. Recommendations: Our recommendations are that Samsung continue to use their additional revenue from their low cost of production and higher margin to invest in RD. This will ensure that Samsung has the best product on the market and continue to lower their production costs. By doing this, they will continue to make it costlier for new firms to enter the market. Investing into RD is extremely costly/ high risk and could lead to failure if Samsung begins investing in the wrong type of products. However, if done properly, this investment can cement Samsung as the market leader and ensure high profitability for the future. How to cite Samsung Electronics Case, Essay examples

Business Environment Analysis of Libya †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment Analysis of Libya. Answer: Introduction: Libya represents one of the largest countries of North Africa that boasts of large oil and gas reserves along with a strong consumer market (Tordo and Anouti 2013). The market of Libya is both rewarding and challenging due to its good planning. This allows the companies in availing business opportunities belonging to the sectors ranging from oil and gas reserves to the telecommunications, agriculture and tourism. The economy of Libya primarily depends on the oil reserves that contribute to around 95 percent of the earnings (Allan 2014). Moreover, the recent hike in the oil prices has helped the company in accumulating foreign exchange reserve of around 50 billion US dollars. The country however hugely suffers due to a higher unemployment rate. The country however focuses on increasing its foreign investment that will enable it to spread its arms in the other sectors that includes agriculture, mining, fishing, natural gas and the tourism sectors. The construction and manufacturing sec tors accounts for around one fifth of the GDP of the country with expansion in the processing of steel, aluminum, petroleum and iron. Libya is one of the exporters of oil with its domestic consumption of around 270,000 barrel on a daily basis (Munir Ahmad and Elhuni 2014). Around 85 percent of the crude goes to Europe while 13 percent is reserved for the east of Suez Canal in Asia. Close to around 32 percent of the Libyan Oil is reserved for Italy and 14 percent for the Germany. The portions of France and China receive around 10 percent whereas the United States accounts for about 5 percent (Elmahdi et al 2014). The state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) runs Libyas oil and petroleum industry (Hallett and Clark-Lowes 2017). It holds the responsibility of implementing, production and exploration agreements with the global oil companies. Together with the smaller subsidiary businesses, the NOC accounts for close to 50 percent of the oil output of the country(4). The country also has oil fields that are located around Sirte Basin and contains about 80 percent of the proven reserves of the country. Libya also has in total five domestic refineries with a combined capacity of around 378,000 barrels per day. The domestic refineries include Sarir Refining, Sirte Oil Co, Azzawiya Oil Refining, Ras Lanuf Oil Gas Processing Co and Tobruk Refining (McLachlan and Barker 2014). The major competitors of the oil and petroleum industry includes key international oil companies that operates in Libya like Eni, Occidental Petroleum, StatoilHydro, ConocoPhillips, OMV, Hess Corp, Shell, Marathon, BP, Wintershall and ExxonMobil (Griffin and Teece 2016). Political Environment in Libya: The oil and gas industry in Libya experiences threats due to various political factors that include: Political instability Geopolitical conflicts The government control accounted for close to 90 percent of the total oil reserves and around 75 percent of the global gas and oil production. The presence of innumerable number of oil reserves in the country can itself be a reason for increased corruption and civil wars. Such side effects are known across the world as resource curse. This acts as barriers for the foreign gas and oil companies for making investment in Libya. Presently, the oil and gas industry of Libya has become ineffective and fractured due to the persistent political hostility between the Tripoli based government backed by the United Nations and the eastern counterpart(Massey and Coluccello 2015). It is necessary for the country to overcome such obstacles to develop a functioning business. Both the factions battled over the revenues of petroleum. The outlook of the oil and petroleum industry depended on the progress of the negotiations between the eastern and the western factions. However, the removal of the UN embargo would energize the oil and petroleum industry of Libya. The presence of rival militias along with obstinacy of fragmented political sphere will continue to inhibit progress in Libya .Although it is believed that in spite of the militant and political setback, it is believed that the oil and petroleum industry of Libya will show improvements in the next couple of years due to some recent developmental activities. Technological Environment in Libya: The primary barriers to the oil and petroleum industry lies in bringing introducing a newer technology and innovation in the market (Mohamed, Al-Habaibeh and Abdo 2013). This is due to the uncertainty that exists over the returns, skill shortages, development cost, time uncertainty for getting to the market, funding insufficiency, uncertainty over the gas and oil prices and stringency in regulations. However, some high tech technologies that would influence the oil and petroleum industry are represented as follows: According to Lloyds 2015 Report (Aguilera and Radetzki 2013) on the Global Insights of the Oil and Petroleum, the technology that drove innovation into the oil and petroleum industry before the year 2020 includes enhanced oil recovery and automation. However, around the year 2020, the oil and petroleum industry of Libya will implement not only high temperature and high pressure drilling technologies but also hydraulic fracturing based on a multi stage process. Further, around the year 2025 and beyond, Libya would be able to introduce deep-water equipment and subsea robotics. Not only that the country will also be able to implement the removal of the hydrogen sulfide and water separation through the downhole process. There would also be rig less drilling, laser drilling and implementation of other improvements in the process of drilling. However, the technology that plays a key role in determining the future of the oil and gas industry would be the extraction technology for the Methan e Hydrates. The deposits of Methane Hydrates are combination of the oil, coal and gas and considered as one of the exploitable resources. However, the development of this key technology would connect to the oil prices since it is expensive and requires a lot of money for undertaking research and development. However, the leading countries using this technology include Japan, Germany and USA. Legal Environment in Libya Coupled with the unclear legal system, presence of a larger public sector and random decision-making by the government has impeded foreign direct investment. The oil and petroleum industry of Libya has undergone much suffering for twenty long years although it managed in maintaining the production levels of oil and gas. However, the intention of National Oil Corporation (NOC) for expansion of the gas and oil production in a six years time resulted due to the ambitious exploration of Libya for both the oil and the gas (Nestorovi? 2016). Libya also launched two vital agreements related to exploration and product sharing that has resulted in various agreements with the various international oil companies. Although Libya emerged from isolation and opened up foreign investments but it, still remains caught up in undoing the damage caused by embargo. However, Libya had to implement various legal reforms. In the year 2000, there was decentralization of most of the legislative and the executive authorities into twenty-six municipal excluding the energy, economy, defense, foreign affairs, infrastructure, trade and social security. This forced the local government in formulating their own budget. The newer form of governance has led to the elimination of the class difference and severance of the outside influences. The introduction of the heath care including all the basic amenities is provided by state. The Foreign Investment Law not only covered the foreign investment but also included Libyan capital invested privately in a foreign land. This policy led to the opening of various sectors that initially remained closed to both the foreign and private investment. However, Libya undertakes a c onservative approach and presently allows only certain sectors for the purpose of investment. However, the presently allowable industry includes tourism, health, agriculture and various services related to oil that excludes exploration and drilling and is covered under Petroleum law. There was also an establishment of energy minister in Libya with initiations for a newer law for petroleum. Taxation Environment of Libya In past couple of years, the authorities of Libya have led to the implementation of the economic reforms as a means of easing the country towards the global community. Libya however experiences hard and long road ahead for loosening the social grip on the economy (Asongu 2015). The application to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the reduction of the subsidies along with the plans for privatization resulted transition of the Libyan economy into a market-based structure. In the context of the oil and petroleum, industry, Libya has an upstream, midstream and downstream sectors. In the upstream sector, Libya had various offshore deals that prevented swapping the production rights between the various foreign entities. The midstream sector of the country has good pipeline network that is in the need for modernization. The downstream sector consists of five domestic refineries that have a capacity of around 378 thousand barrels on a particular day. In Libya, Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement (EPSA) holders do not need to pay any royalties and taxes related to petroleum. According to the EPSA, the Libyan National Oil Corporation (LNOC) settles royalties and taxes in support of the International Oil Corporation (IOC). The Libyan authorities accepts for the filing of the notional tax with the finance ministry by issuance of a receipt for the purpose of the tax recoverability. The demographic pyramid of Libya puts forward a prominence in the youth bulge with around 27 percent of the population between the age group of 16 years to 30 years (Abuharris, 2013). The gain of the youth bulge was combined with higher rates of unemployment estimated around 33 percent and came to be known as youth unemployment. In the 1.9 million existent Libyan labor force, government employed only 70 percent of the salaried Libyans. According to the figures of the World Bank, there were an estimated surplus staffs close to 300,000 in the public sector which is perceived as the vital source of stability and employment for the citizens of Libya (Timberlake 2013). On the other hand, the private sector contributes in employing only 4 percent of the labor force. There are around 120, 000 self employed and independent Libyan workers. Cultural Environment of Libya The population of Libya is around 6.4 million and the life expectancy of men is around 73 years whereas that of the female is about 78 years. The primary language of the country is Arabic and the religion followed is Islam (Peters 2014). The stronger religious backdrop of Libya has made the country conservative in various respects. The county does not have a bar or a nightclub but has cafes and food joints where people gather to enjoy. The country also does not serve alchohol in any of its establishments. The colonization and invasion of Libya has left the country with a diverse cultural legacy. Culturally Libya does not believe in a beach life and with the local population preferring picnics. The county however puts forward opportunities for desert driving and the dune surfing. Libya being a Muslim country, the Libyan people are dressed in a modest manner. The woman especially covers their upper arms, legs, cleavage and shoulders along with a headscarf. This also holds significance while visiting a cemetery, mosque, or site that has religious significance. However, through their conduct, Libyans believes in good reputation, honor and dignity of their family. Therefore, it is necessary for maintaining decorum at all the times. Attempt of purposeful public embarrassment and humiliation have serious ramifications in the country. The Libyan people expect a warm and enthusiastic greeting. While greeting the people in business meetings people should shake hands while addressing a person along with maintaining a smile direct eye contact. While shaking hands it one needs to understand that men can shake hands with men but for shaking hands with a woman, he must wait until she is willing. Libyan people do not use first names for addressing people instead; they use titles for addressing people. Libyans also believes in respecting the business contacts and be punctual to the meetings. They believe in following an open-door policy during the meetings so that there are no interruptions. The companies in Libya follow a hierarchical structure with de cision-making and negotiations done through the consensus of the group. They however believe in maintaining long-term business relationships so ensure committing time at the beginning of the business collaboration. They also believe in valuing the desire for non-confrontational negotiations. References: Abuharris, A.T., 2013. The role of cross-training in reducing the level of labor turnover applied study on some hotels in Tripoli-Libya.Romanian Economic and Business Review, p.225. Aguilera, R.F. and Radetzki, M., 2013. Shale gas and oil: fundamentally changing global energy markets.Oil Gas J,111(12), pp.54-61. Allan, J.A. ed., 2014.Libya Since Independence (RLE Economy of Middle East): Economic and Political Development. Routledge. Asongu, S., 2015. On taxation, political accountability and foreign aid: empirics to a celebrated literature.South African Journal of Economics,83(2), pp.180-198. Elmahdi, A.M., Aziz, H.A., El-Gendy, N.S., Amr, S.S.A. and Nassar, H.N., 2014. Optimization of Libyan crude oil biodegradation by using solid waste date as a natural low-cost material.Journal of Bioremediation Biodegredation,5(7), p.1. Griffin, J.M. and Teece, D.J., 2016.OPEC behaviour and world oil prices. Routledge. Hallett, D. and Clark-Lowes, D., 2017.Petroleum geology of Libya. Elsevier Massey, S. and Coluccello, R., 2015. Introduction. InEurafrican Migration: Legal, Economic and Social Responses to Irregular Migration(pp. 1-11). Palgrave Pivot, London. McLachlan, K. and Barker, P., 2014. Development of the Libyan Oil Industry. InLibya Since Independence (RLE Economy of Middle East)(pp. 49-66). Routledge. Mohamed, A.M., Al-Habaibeh, A. and Abdo, H., 2013. An investigation into the current utilisation and prospective of renewable energy resources and technologies in Libya.Renewable energy,50, pp.732-740. Munir Ahmad, M. and Elhuni, R., 2014. Critical quality factors for successful TQM implementation in Libyan oil and gas sector.Benchmarking: An International Journal,21(5), pp.713-733. Nestorovi?, ?., 2016.Islamic Marketing: Understanding the Socio-Economic, Cultural, and Politico-Legal Environment. Springer. Peters, E., 2014. Cultural and social diversity in Libya. InLibya Since Independence (RLE Economy of Middle East)(pp. 115-132). Routledge. Timberlake, L., 2013.Africa in crisis: The causes and cures of environmental bankruptcy. Routledge. Tordo, S. and Anouti, Y., 2013.Local Content Policies in the Oil and Gas Sector: Case Studies. World Bank Publications.